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صفحهٔ اصلی / In an Art Song the Role of the Pianist Is Just as Important as the Singer

In an Art Song the Role of the Pianist Is Just as Important as the Singer

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Vocal music composition, usually written for ane phonation with piano accompaniment

Bar 5 of Schubert's fine art vocal entitled Nacht und Träume. The song part, including the melody notes and the text, is in the top stave. The 2 staves below are the piano part.

An art vocal is a Western vocal music limerick, commonly written for one voice with piano accompaniment, and ordinarily in the classical art music tradition. Past extension, the term "fine art song" is used to refer to the collective genre of such songs (e.g., the "art song repertoire").[one] An fine art song is nigh oft a musical setting of an independent poem or text,[i] "intended for the concert repertory"[ii] "as part of a recital or other relatively formal social occasion".[3] While many pieces of vocal music are easily recognized every bit fine art songs, others are more difficult to categorize. For instance, a wordless vocalise written by a classical composer is sometimes considered an art song[one] and sometimes not.[4]

Other factors assist define art songs:

  • Songs that are part of a staged work (such as an aria from an opera or a song from a musical) are not normally considered art songs.[5] However, some Baroque arias that "appear with great frequency in recital performance"[5] are at present included in the art vocal repertoire.
  • Songs with instruments besides pianoforte (e.k., cello and piano) and/or other singers are referred to equally "vocal sleeping room music", and are ordinarily not considered art songs.[6]
  • Songs originally written for voice and orchestra are called "orchestral songs" and are non usually considered art songs, unless their original version was for solo voice and pianoforte.[7]
  • Folk songs and traditional songs are generally non considered art songs, unless they are art music-way concert arrangements with piano accessory written by a specific composer[viii] Several examples of these songs include Aaron Copland's two volumes of Old American Songs, the Folksong arrangements past Benjamin Britten,[9] and the Siete canciones populares españolas (Seven Spanish Folksongs) past Manuel de Falla.
  • There is no agreement regarding sacred songs. Many song settings of biblical or sacred texts were equanimous for the concert stage and non for religious services; these are widely known as art songs (for example, the Vier ernste Gesänge by Johannes Brahms). Other sacred songs may or may not be considered fine art songs.[x]
  • A group of art songs composed to exist performed in a grouping to form a narrative or dramatic whole is called a vocal cycle.

Languages and nationalities [edit]

Art songs have been composed in many languages, and are known by several names. The German tradition of art vocal composition is perhaps the well-nigh prominent 1; it is known as Lieder. In French republic, the term mélodie distinguishes art songs from other French vocal pieces referred to as chansons. The Spanish canción and the Italian canzone refer to songs more often than not and not specifically to art songs.

Form [edit]

The composer'due south musical linguistic communication and interpretation of the text oftentimes dictate the formal design of an art song. If all of the verse form's verses are sung to the same music, the song is strophic. Arrangements of folk songs are often strophic,[ane] and "there are exceptional cases in which the musical repetition provides dramatic irony for the changing text, or where an almost hypnotic monotony is desired."[ane] Several of the songs in Schubert's Die schöne Müllerin are good examples of this. If the vocal melody remains the same but the accompaniment changes under it for each verse, the slice is called a "modified strophic" song. In contrast, songs in which "each section of the text receives fresh music"[ane] are called through-composed. About through-composed works have some repetition of musical textile in them. Many fine art songs apply some version of the ABA class (also known equally "song form" or "ternary form"), with a start musical department, a contrasting center section, and a return to the kickoff section'south music. In some cases, in the return to the first department's music, the composer may make minor changes.

Performance and performers [edit]

Functioning of art songs in recital requires special skills for both the singer and pianist. The degree of intimacy "seldom equaled in other kinds of music"[1] requires that the two performers "communicate to the audience the virtually subtle and evanescent emotions equally expressed in the verse form and music".[1] The two performers must concur on all aspects of the operation to create a unified partnership, making art song performance i of the "most sensitive type(south) of collaboration".[1] Likewise, the pianist must be able to closely lucifer the mood and character expressed past the singer. Fifty-fifty though classical vocalists generally embark on successful performing careers equally soloists by seeking out opera engagements, a number of today's most prominent singers have built their careers primarily by singing art songs, including Dietrich Fischer-Dieskau, Thomas Quasthoff, Ian Bostridge, Matthias Goerne, Wolfgang Holzmair, Susan Graham and Elly Ameling. Pianists, as well, have specialized in playing art songs with great singers. Gerald Moore, Geoffrey Parsons, Graham Johnson, Dalton Baldwin, Hartmut Höll and Martin Katz are six such pianists who have specialized in accompanying fine art song performances. The piano parts in art songs can be so complex that the piano part is non really a subordinate accompaniment part; the pianist in challenging art songs is more than of an equal partner with the solo vocaliser. As such, some pianists who specialize in performing art song recitals with singers refer to themselves every bit "collaborative pianists", rather than as accompanists.

Composers [edit]

British [edit]

  • John Dowland
  • Thomas Campion
  • William Byrd
  • Thomas Morley
  • Henry Purcell
  • Hubert Parry
  • Frederick Delius
  • Ralph Vaughan Williams
  • Roger Quilter
  • John Ireland
  • Ivor Gurney
  • Peter Warlock
  • Michael Head
  • Madeleine Dring
  • Gerald Finzi
  • Jonathan Dove
  • Benjamin Britten
  • Morfydd Llwyn Owen
  • Michael Tippett
  • Ian Venables
  • Judith Weir
  • George Butterworth
  • Francis George Scott
  • Rebecca Clarke

American [edit]

Austrian and German [edit]

  • Carl Philipp Emanuel Bach
  • Joseph Haydn
  • Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart
  • Ludwig van Beethoven
  • Franz Schubert
  • Felix Mendelssohn
  • Fanny Mendelssohn
  • Robert Schumann
  • Clara Schumann
  • Carl Loewe
  • Johannes Brahms
  • Hugo Wolf
  • Gustav Mahler
  • Richard Strauss
  • Alexander von Zemlinsky
  • Arnold Schoenberg
  • Anton Webern
  • Alban Berg
  • Erich Wolfgang Korngold
  • Viktor Ullmann
  • Hanns Eisler
  • Kurt Weill
  • Paul Hindemith
  • Wilhelm Killmayer
  • Josephine Lang
  • Emilie Mayer

French [edit]

  • Hector Berlioz
  • Charles Gounod
  • Pauline Viardot
  • César Franck
  • Camille Saint-Saëns
  • Georges Bizet
  • Emmanuel Chabrier
  • Henri Duparc
  • Jules Massenet
  • Gabriel Fauré
  • Claude Debussy
  • Erik Satie
  • Maurice Ravel
  • Lili Boulanger
  • Nadia Boulanger
  • Albert Roussel
  • Reynaldo Hahn
  • Darius Milhaud
  • Francis Poulenc
  • Olivier Messiaen
  • Henri Dutilleux
  • Cécile Chaminade

Romanian [edit]

  • George Enescu
  • Dinu Lipatti
  • Pascal Bentoiu
  • Irina Hasnaș

Castilian [edit]

Latin American [edit]

Italian [edit]

  • Claudio Monteverdi
  • Barbara Strozzi
  • Gioachino Rossini
  • Gaetano Donizetti
  • Vincenzo Bellini
  • Francesca Caccini
  • Giuseppe Verdi
  • Amilcare Ponchielli
  • Paolo Tosti
  • Ottorino Respighi
  • Mario Castelnuovo-Tedesco
  • Luciano Berio
  • Lorenzo Ferrero

Eastern European [edit]

  • Franz Liszt – Hungary (most all his art song settings are of texts in non-Hungarian European languages, such every bit French and High german)
  • Antonín Dvořák – Bohemia
  • Leoš Janáček – Bohemia (Czechoslovakia)
  • Béla Bartók – Hungary
  • Zoltán Kodály – Hungary
  • Frédéric Chopin – Poland
  • Stanisław Moniuszko – Poland

Nordic [edit]

  • Edvard Grieg – Kingdom of norway (set German as well as Norse and Danish poetry)
  • Jean Sibelius – Republic of finland (set both Finnish and Swedish)
  • Yrjö Kilpinen – Finland
  • Wilhelm Stenhammar – Sweden
  • Hugo Alfvén – Sweden
  • Carl Nielsen – Denmark

Russian [edit]

  • Mikhail Glinka
  • Alexander Borodin
  • César Cui
  • Nikolai Medtner
  • Modest Mussorgsky
  • Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky
  • Nikolai Rimsky-Korsakov
  • Alexander Glazunov
  • Sergei Rachmaninoff
  • Sergei Prokofiev
  • Igor Stravinsky
  • Dmitri Shostakovich

Ukrainian [edit]

  • Vasyl Barvinsky[eleven]
  • Stanyslav Lyudkevych[11]
  • Mykola Lysenko
  • Nestor Nyzhankivsky
  • Ostap Nyzhankivsky
  • Denys Sichynsky[11]
  • Myroslav Skoryk
  • Ihor Sonevytsky
  • Yakiv Stepovy
  • Kyrylo Stetsenko

Asian [edit]

  • Nicanor Abelardo – Philippines
  • Ananda Sukarlan – Indonesia

Afrikaans [edit]

  • Jellmar Ponticha
  • Stephanus Le Roux Marais

Arabic [edit]

  • Iyad Kanaan – Lebanon

See too [edit]

  • Kundiman
  • Song
  • Song cycle

Footnotes [edit]

  1. ^ a b c d e f g h i Meister, An Introduction to the Art Song, pp. eleven–17.
  2. ^ Art Song, Grove Online
  3. ^ Randel, Harvard Dictionary of Music, p. 61
  4. ^ Kimball, Introduction, p. 13
  5. ^ a b Kimball, p. fourteen
  6. ^ Meister calls it "a variety of art song" (p. thirteen); Kimball does not include these works in her written report of art songs.(p. 14)
  7. ^ Meister, p. 14, and Kimball, p. xiv
  8. ^ Meister refers to them as a "hybrid medium", p. 14
  9. ^ Benjamin Britten, Complete Folksong Arrangements (61 Songs), edited by Richard Walters, Boosey & Hawkes #M051933747, ISBN 1423421566
  10. ^ Neither Meister nor Kimball mention sacred songs generally, merely both talk over the Brahms songs and selected other works in their books on fine art song.
  11. ^ a b c Composers – Ukrainian Art Song Projection Archived 2015-04-16 at the Wayback Machine

References [edit]

  • Draayer, Suzanne (2009), Art Song Composers of Espana: An Encyclopedia, Lanham, Maryland: Scarecrow Press, ISBN 978-0-8108-6362-0
  • Draayer, Suzanne (2003), A Singer's Guide to the Songs of Joaquín Rodrigo, Lanham, Maryland: Scarecrow Press, ISBN 978-0-8108-4827-vi
  • Kimball, Ballad (2005), Song: A Guide to Art Vocal Style and Literature, revised edition, Milwaukee, Wisconsin: Hal Leonard, ISBN978-1-4234-1280-nine
  • Meister, Barbara (1980), An Introduction to the Art Song, New York, New York: Taplinger, ISBN0-8008-8032-iii
  • Randel, Don Michael (2003), The Harvard Dictionary of Music, Harvard Academy Press, p. 61, ISBN0-674-01163-five , retrieved 2012-10-22
  • Villamil, Victoria Etnier (1993), A Vocalizer's Guide to the American Fine art Song (2004 paperback ed.), Lanham, Maryland: Scarecrow Press, ISBN0-8108-5217-nine

Further reading [edit]

  • Emmons, Shirlee, and Stanley Sonntag (1979), The Fine art of the Song Recital (paperback ed.), New York: Schirmer Books, ISBN0-02-870530-0
  • Hall, James Husst (1953), The Art Vocal, Norman, Oklahoma: University of Oklahoma Press
  • Ivey, Donald (1970), Song: Anatomy, Imagery, and Styles, New York: The Gratis Press, ISBN0-8108-5217-ix
  • Soumagnac, Myriam (1997). "La Mélodie italienne au début du XXe siècle", in Festschrift book, Échoes de France et d'Ialie: liber amicorum Yves Gérard (jointly ed. past Marie-Claire Mussat, Jean Mongrédien & Jean-Michel Nectoux). Buchet-Chastel. p. 381–386.
  • Walter, Wolfgang (2005), Lied-Bibliographie (Song Bibliography): Reference to Literature on the Fine art Vocal, Frankfurt am Main: Peter Lang, ISBN08204-7319-7
  • Whitton, Kenneth (1984), Lieder: An Introduction to High german Song , London: Julia MacRae, ISBN0-531-09759-5

External links [edit]

  • Hampsong Foundation
  • Joy In Singing
  • The LiederNet Archive - texts to over 165,000 vocal works with over 35,000 translations
  • Art Song Central
  • The Art Song Projection
  • The African American Art Song Alliance
  • Fine art Vocal Composers of Kingdom of spain
  • Canadian Art Song Project
  • Latin American Art Song Brotherhood
  • Ukrainian Art Song Project
  • Ukrainian art songs. Audio files.
  • Hispasong.com Castilian vocal music, in English.
  • Fine art Song Colorado
  • Canciones de España—Songs of Nineteenth-Century Spain [1]
  • lottelehmannleague.org/singing-sins-archive (archived Hawaii Public Radio broadcasts nearly arts songs)

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Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Art_song

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